Construction Platform
The technology stack that makes systemized, verifiable construction possible.
The ABCD Stack
| Layer | Technology | Construction Application |
|---|---|---|
| A | AI/ML | Progress tracking, scheduling optimization, cost prediction |
| B | Blockchain | Material provenance, credential verification, safety records |
| C | Crypto/Tokens | Equipment tokenization, worker payments, carbon credits |
| D | DePIN - Data | IoT sensors, 360 cameras, equipment telematics, BIM |
The integration: DePIN sensors capture site reality. Blockchain creates verifiable records. Crypto aligns incentives. AI turns data into decisions.
Layer D: Physical Infrastructure
Construction Tech Stack
| Category | Tools | Function | DePIN Gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| Project Management | Procore, Buildertrend, Oracle Primavera | Scheduling, documentation, coordination | Centralized data, no cross-company reputation |
| BIM/Design | Autodesk, Tekla, Bentley | 3D modeling, design coordination | Centralized model ownership |
| Site Monitoring | Buildots, OpenSpace | AI progress tracking vs BIM | No shared sensor network |
| Equipment | Tenna, EquipmentShare | Fleet tracking, rental | No tokenized utilization |
| Materials | Kojo, BuildingConnected | Procurement, bid management | No on-chain provenance |
| Safety | SafetyCulture, KPA Flex | Inspections, compliance | No immutable audit trail |
| Labor | Bridgit Bench, Workyard | Workforce planning, time tracking | No portable credentials |
Market Scale
| Segment | 2025 Market | Growth | Key Driver |
|---|---|---|---|
| ConTech overall | $5.66B | 12.8% CAGR to $10.3B by 2030 | AI adoption surge |
| Modular construction | $111B | 5.4% CAGR to $143B by 2030 | Labor shortage, speed |
| Equipment rental | $171B | 5.95% CAGR to $228B by 2030 | Asset-light operations |
| Green building | $619B | Growing to $1,374B by 2034 | Carbon mandates |
Leading Platforms
| Platform | Focus | Scale | Why It Matters |
|---|---|---|---|
| Procore | Full-stack construction management | $1B+ ARR, 94% retention | Industry standard, AI risk analytics |
| Autodesk Construction Cloud | BIM + field coordination | 400+ integrations | Government BIM mandates drive adoption |
| EquipmentShare | Equipment rental + telematics | 373 locations, pending $6B IPO | T3 platform: DePIN precursor |
| Buildots | AI progress tracking | Computer vision + BIM | Automated progress verification |
Layer B: Trust Infrastructure
What Blockchain Enables
| Function | Traditional | Blockchain-Enabled |
|---|---|---|
| Material provenance | Paper COCs, trust-based | Immutable chain from source to site |
| Worker credentials | Manual verification, phone calls | Portable on-chain certifications |
| Safety records | Paper inspections, filing cabinets | Tamper-proof audit trails |
| Project history | References, word of mouth | Verifiable completion proofs |
| Carbon tracking | Self-reported, audit-based | Verified on-chain carbon passports |
2028 Carbon Mandate
All new buildings must disclose carbon footprint from 2028. This creates a forcing function for verifiable data infrastructure.
| Requirement | Current State | What's Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Embodied carbon disclosure | Estimated, self-reported | Verified material provenance chain |
| Operational energy tracking | Annual estimates | Real-time IoT monitoring |
| Circular material claims | Paper documentation | On-chain material passports |
| Carbon credit generation | Manual certification | Automated verification and issuance |
Layer C: Coordination Infrastructure
Token Models for Construction
| Token Type | Function | Example Application |
|---|---|---|
| Equipment tokens | Represent usage rights to shared equipment | Tokenized crane-hours, fleet sharing |
| Material passports | Track materials from source through lifecycle | Recycled content verification |
| Credential tokens | Portable worker certifications | Licensed electrician, safety certs |
| Carbon credits | Verified emission reductions | On-chain verified by IoT data |
Equipment Sharing Economics
EquipmentShare demonstrates the model that DePIN could tokenize:
| Metric | Traditional Rental | EquipmentShare | DePIN-Enhanced |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pricing | Daily/weekly flat rate | 30% undercut via telematics | Usage-based tokenized |
| Utilization data | Estimated | Real-time via T3 platform | On-chain verifiable |
| Trust | Contract-based | Platform reputation | Cryptographic proof |
| Settlement | 30-day invoicing | Platform payment | Instant token settlement |
Layer A: Intelligence Infrastructure
AI Applications
| Application | Input | Output | Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Progress tracking | 360 camera feeds + BIM | % complete vs plan | Growing |
| Cost prediction | Historical job data | Budget forecast | Growing |
| Schedule optimization | Trade availability, weather, dependencies | Optimal sequencing | Emerging |
| Safety monitoring | IoT sensors, camera feeds | Hazard detection | Growing |
| Bid analysis | Historical bids, market rates | Win probability, pricing | Emerging |
| Document extraction | Plans, specs, contracts | Structured data for estimating | Growing |
Investment Signal
Q1 2025: $3.55B invested in ConTech. 46% went to AI (up from 20-25%). 37% to robotics ($1.36B, +125% YoY).
Each additional technology adopted = 1.14% revenue increase.
Yet construction remains the second-least digitalized industry globally (1.375 vs 3.025 sector average).
The Data Flywheel
Projects generate site data (sensors, cameras, costs)
|
v
Data trains better models (scheduling, pricing, risk)
|
v
Better models improve margins and reduce overruns
|
v
Higher margins fund more technology adoption
|
v
More projects generate more data
Integration Architecture
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| APPLICATIONS |
| Builder Dashboard | Client Portal | Trade Coordination |
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| AI/ML LAYER |
| Cost Prediction | Schedule | Progress | Safety |
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| BLOCKCHAIN LAYER |
| Material Passports | Credentials | Safety | Carbon |
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| DATA LAYER |
| BIM | IoT Sensors | 360 Cameras | Telematics | ERP |
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| PHYSICAL WORLD |
| Sites | Equipment | Materials | Trades | Weather |
+------------------------------------------------------------+
Build vs Buy
| Need | Build | Buy/Partner |
|---|---|---|
| Project management | Buy (Procore, Buildertrend) | |
| BIM | Buy (Autodesk) | |
| Equipment tracking | Buy (EquipmentShare, Tenna) | |
| Systemization toolkit | Build (competitive advantage) | |
| Material provenance | Build (DePIN opportunity) | |
| AI progress tracking | Buy (Buildots, OpenSpace) | |
| Worker credentials | Build (DePIN opportunity) |
Platform Maturity
| Component | Maturity | Key Players | Gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| Project management SaaS | Mature | Procore, Buildertrend | Fragmented data |
| BIM/Design | Mature | Autodesk, Trimble | Centralized ownership |
| Site AI | Growing | Buildots, OpenSpace | No shared networks |
| Equipment telematics | Growing | EquipmentShare, Tenna | No tokenization |
| Material provenance | Nascent | Tvinn Solutions | On-chain gap |
| Worker credentials | Nascent | Research phase | No scaled protocol |
| Carbon verification | Nascent | One Click LCA | No on-chain proofs |
Detailed Tech Landscape
Project Management
| Product | Tech Stack | Focus | DePIN Gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| Procore | Ruby on Rails, React, PostgreSQL, AWS, Kubernetes. Mobile: Swift, Java, C#. Microservices: Rust, Go, Elixir | Full-stack construction management | Centralized data, no cross-company reputation |
| Oracle Primavera | Java, Oracle DB, cloud | Enterprise scheduling, resource planning | Siloed project data |
| Buildertrend | .NET, SQL Server, React Native | Residential construction | No decentralized payments |
BIM and Design
| Product | Tech Stack | Focus | DePIN Gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| Autodesk Construction Cloud | Cloud-native, REST APIs, Workato, 400+ integrations | Common data environment, BIM coordination | Licensing bottleneck, no tokenized contributions |
| Tekla (Trimble) | C++, .NET | 3D structural modeling | Centralized model ownership |
| Bentley MicroStation | C++, .NET | Infrastructure CAD | No decentralized version control |
| PlanGrid (Autodesk) | iOS (Swift), Android (Java), offline-first | Mobile field drawings | No portable worker annotations |
AI and Site Monitoring
| Product | Tech Stack | Focus | DePIN Gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| Buildots | Computer vision, AI/ML, 360 cameras, BIM 360 integration | Progress tracking vs BIM | Centralized AI, no shared sensor network |
| OpenSpace | AI/ML, 360 cameras, drones, lidar, Procore/Autodesk/Oracle integration | Visual intelligence | No decentralized capture incentives |
| Trunk Tools | LLMs, NLP | Unstructured data to insights | Proprietary models |
Equipment and Fleet
| Product | Tech Stack | Focus | DePIN Gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tenna | IoT sensors, GPS, cloud | Equipment tracking | No shared pools, no usage tokenization |
| HCSS | .NET, SQL Server | Heavy civil estimating | No cross-company sharing |
| EquipmentShare | Mobile, telematics, cloud | Equipment rental | Could decentralize with trustless sharing |
Materials and Supply Chain
| Product | Tech Stack | Focus | DePIN Gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| Levelset | Ruby on Rails, React | Lien rights, payments | No material provenance |
| BuildingConnected | Cloud, APIs | Bid management | No transparent bid history on-chain |
| Kojo | Modern web stack | Materials procurement | No tokenized inventory |
Sustainability
| Product | Tech Stack | Focus | DePIN Gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tvinn Solutions | Django, PostgreSQL, React, Next.js, Tailwind CSS | BIM + material reuse | Add on-chain material passports |
| One Click LCA | Cloud, API | Lifecycle carbon assessment | No verified carbon credits |
| Cubi Casa | Mobile scanning, cloud | Floor plan digitization | Property data oracles |
| Plant | Nordic startup | Sustainable construction | Research needed |
Safety and Compliance
| Product | Tech Stack | Focus | DePIN Gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| KPA Flex | Cloud SaaS | Safety management | No immutable inspection records |
| SafetyCulture | Mobile-first, cloud | Digital inspections | No on-chain audit trail |
Labor and Workforce
| Product | Tech Stack | Focus | DePIN Gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bridgit Bench | Cloud SaaS | Workforce planning | No portable credentials |
| Raken | Mobile, cloud | Daily reporting | No streaming payments |
| Workyard | GPS, mobile, cloud | Time tracking | Could add decentralized payroll |
DePIN Opportunity Summary
| Category | Opportunity | Why DePIN Helps |
|---|---|---|
| Equipment | Shared pools, usage-based leasing | Trustless coordination, tokenized utilization |
| Materials | Provenance, circular economy | Immutable material passports, verified recycled content |
| Labor | Portable credentials, work history | Workers own reputation, verified certifications |
| Safety | Inspection records, IoT compliance | Tamper-proof audit trails, sensor networks |
| Carbon | Verified sustainability claims | On-chain carbon credits, ESG compliance |
Tvinn Solutions
BIM integration for building material reuse.
- Funding: EUR 210k pre-seed
- Business Model: B2B SaaS
- Target Market: Architects, developers, property owners
- Value Proposition: Circular economy in construction
- Tech Platform: Django, PostgreSQL, React, Next.js, Tailwind CSS
- Competitive Advantage: Sustainability + BIM integration
- Team: 1-10 employees, architectural backgrounds
Context
- DePIN — Physical infrastructure patterns
- Blockchain — Trust layer options
- AI — Intelligence layer capabilities
- Real Estate Ecosystem — Adjacent value chain
- Property Development — Development cycle